Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition that affects brain development, influencing how a person perceives and interacts with others. This can lead to challenges in communication, social interactions, and behavior. The term ‘spectrum’ reflects the varying degrees of symptoms and severity among individuals with ASD.
According to Dr Manish Chhabria, Senior Consultant, – Neurology at Sir H N Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, ASD typically emerges in early childhood, with many children displaying symptoms within the first year of life. In some cases, children may develop normally for a time before regressing around 18 to 24 months, losing previously acquired skills. Recognising the early signs is essential for timely intervention.
What causes Autism?
The exact cause of ASD remains unknown, but research suggests a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some contributing factors include:
Family history of ASD or related conditions
Genetic mutations affecting brain development
Premature birth or complications during pregnancy
How is life different for Autistic children?
One of the most noticeable differences is in social interactions. Many children with autism struggle with understanding social cues, making eye contact, or forming relationships. While some may prefer solitude, others may want to connect but find it challenging to navigate social norms.
Communication differences are also common. Some children may have delayed speech development, while others might communicate nonverbally or use alternative methods such as picture exchange systems or sign language. Additionally, those who are verbal may exhibit repetitive speech patterns or struggle with understanding figurative language.
Children with autism often engage in repetitive behaviors, such as hand-flapping, rocking, or following strict routines. Changes in routine can be distressing, making predictability essential for their comfort. Sensory sensitivities are another key aspect, some children may be overwhelmed by loud noises, bright lights, or certain textures, while others may seek sensory stimulation.
Their strengths
Despite these challenges, children with ASD also have unique strengths. Many display exceptional focus, creativity, and deep interest in specific subjects. Some have remarkable memory skills or excel in fields such as mathematics, music, or art.
Support and early intervention play crucial roles in helping children with autism thrive. Speech therapy, occupational therapy, and behavioral support can enhance communication and daily living skills. More importantly, understanding and acceptance from society help create an inclusive environment where children with ASD can reach their full potential.
By recognising and embracing their differences, we can ensure that children with autism lead fulfilling, happy lives tailored to their needs and strengths.
