The HMPV virus has created quite a panic in India over the last few days. People were worried that this virus would cause another pandemic. However, officials have confirmed that this is not a new virus and that there is no need to panic.
Although, a recent study has shown HMPV’s impact on children’s health and has also mentioned two strains of this virus that is harming children’s respiratory health.
What was the study conducted? Here are the findings
The research was conducted by the Regional Level Viral Research & Diagnostic Laboratory (RVRDL) and the Department of Pediatrics at Jawaharlal Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry. It sheds light on the prevalence and evolving nature of hMPV.
“A notable outbreak of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was detected between November 2022 and March 2023, with a 9.6% positivity rate among tested patients,” the researchers stated. The study, published in the IJID Regions journal, found that HMPV infections were most common in children under one year old, with 67% experiencing wheezing and 6.9% experiencing seizures.
HMPV’s strains
HMPV is a respiratory virus categorised into two primary genetic groups, A and B, with subgroups A1, A2, B1, and B2. The study uncovered new lineages, A2.2.1 and A2.2.2, highlighting the virus’s evolving nature.
“The study underscores the significant prevalence and genetic diversity of hMPV in children in Puducherry, India. Notably, the identification of novel A2.2.1 and A2.2.2 lineages highlights the evolving nature of hMPV,” the researchers explained.
Group A strains (A1, A2a, A2b) are frequently linked to outbreaks, especially in young children and the elderly, while Group B strains (B1, B2) are also prevalent but may vary in geographic distribution and virulence.
Infection and seasonal prevelance
The researchers examined nasal swabs collected between January 2021 and June 2024, using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction to screen for HMPV. Most cases were reported during the winter months, with peak infections occurring in December and January.
“The findings align with studies suggesting a winter-spring prevalence,” the researchers noted.
The study emphasises the need for continuous monitoring of HMPV infections. The virus’s genetic mutations make it challenging to develop effective vaccines and antiviral therapies, underlining the importance of ongoing surveillance.
How are the variations causing issues in children?
HMPV has emerged as a significant cause of acute respiratory infections, particularly in infants under five years of age. Symptoms range from mild cold-like issues to severe lower respiratory complications, making it essential to recognize the virus’s impact on children’s health.
This study provides valuable insights into the behavior of hMPV in India, helping shape future efforts to manage and prevent infections.
