Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects millions globally, highlighting health and economic challenges. Traditional treatments like insulin and oral medications help manage blood sugar levels but often fail to address the underlying inflammation contributing to the disease.
However, several research studies, including findings highlighted in a National Institutes of Health (NIH) report, explore the potential of helminth-derived products—substances produced by parasitic worms—as a groundbreaking approach to managing DM. Keep reading as we understand more about DM with expert study.
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What is diabetes mellitus (DM)?
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or Diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder indicated by high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) due to either insufficient insulin production (type 1 diabetes) or the body’s inability to use insulin effectively (type 2 diabetes).
Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels by stimulating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy. In DM, this process is disrupted, leading to complications such as cardiovascular diseases, nerve damage, kidney failure, and vision problems.
Helminth-derived products in DM management
According to recent findings, the prevalence of diabetes has risen dramatically, making it one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide. While current treatments like insulin therapy and medications such as metformin are effective, they do not address the chronic inflammation that contributes to the progression of the disease. This has prompted interest in alternative therapies, including those derived from helminths (parasitic worms).
The NIH report highlighted the potential of helminth excretory/secretory products (ESPs) as a novel therapeutic approach for DM. These products, which include small molecules and proteins, have been shown to modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation, improving insulin sensitivity.
The report states: Helminth infections may offer therapeutic benefits for DM. These infections are known to modulate immune responses, reduce inflammation, and improve insulin sensitivity. Importantly, helminth excretory/secretory products have shown therapeutic potential in treating various inflammatory diseases with minimal side effects.
This suggests that helminth-derived products could play a role in managing both type 1 and type 2 diabetes by addressing the root causes of chronic inflammation.
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Challenges
Despite their promise, helminth-derived therapies are not without challenges. Direct parasitic infections can cause complications, but refined ESPs could provide benefits without the risks. As the NIH report emphasises, future research must focus on large-scale clinical trials, optimising drug development, and exploring combinations with existing diabetes treatments.
